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Radiotherapy planning
Požár, Pavel ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis deals with analysis of characteristics of ionising radiation. The equipments used for irradiation of pathologic findings are described. The thesis contains particular stages of planning algorithm with list of individual actions. Practical part contains a description of application made for irradiation simulation which includes brief explanation of working procedure with program. It also contains a description of individual functions of this application.
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Brachytherapy of gynaecological malignant tumor
KURÁŽOVÁ, Kristýna
The topic of this bachelor thesis is brachytherapy of gynaecological malignancy. In the theoretical part, the anatomy of female sex organs, general principles of brachytherapy, gynaecological applications of brachytherapy and malignant gynaecological diseases treated by this method, are described. The theoretical part is elaborated out of scientific publications, articles and web pages, in the form of literary research. The output of this research is the summary of knowledge about brachytherapy of gynaecological malignancy and thus, the creation of educational text, which was the primary objective of this thesis. Secondary objective of the thesis was to compare doses to the critical organs the bladder and the rectum, during the uterovaginal applications, depending on the type of the used applicator the Fletcher applicator and the Ring applicator. The data for the practical part were obtained from the archived radiation protocols of the oncological department of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. and then the data were carried out in to charts. Two units of patients, treated for cervical carcinoma by uterovaginal application in years 2008 2018, were compared. The results indicate that the average doses to the bladder are almost identical for both applicators, but the doses are lower by 0,09 Gy for the Fletcher applicator, than for the Ring applicator. The average dose to rectum is, however, lower by 1,136 Gy while using the Ring applicator. That suggests that using of the Ring applicator during uterovaginal application is more advantageous for saving the rectum, considering the applied radiation dose. The initial hypothesis that for using the newer Ring applicator the doses to the critical organs are lower, then for the Fletcher applicator, was neither confirmed nor rejected, according to the results obtained.
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Brachytherapy planning with using radiotherapy simulator and C-ARM
POHANKOVÁ, Jana
On the oncology department of Jihlava hospital is used fo rthe purposes os determing the position of resources for planning brachytherapy intended radiotherapeutic simulator. C - arm is used more during surgery. I had the opportunity to compare the two devices in test using a phantom - brachytherapy dice with lead bullets in the exact geometry. The purpose of the test was to find documentation to justify why the use of face radiotherapeutic simulator for planning teletherapy. The work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the theoretical part. Here describes the types of brachytherapy procedures, briefly also features a simulator and C -arm. Furthermore, there is a simple way explained geometric distortion using the image intensifier as a receptor. The second chapter is devoted to the description technical parameters of both the devices, phantom measurement methodology and method of evaluation of the measurement results. The third chapter presents the results of measurements of the positions of the balls in the phantom and fixed deviation between the determined and declared position for two ways to obtain images in orthogonal projection. The last chapter is devoted to discussion.
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Radiotherapy planning
Požár, Pavel ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis deals with analysis of characteristics of ionising radiation. The equipments used for irradiation of pathologic findings are described. The thesis contains particular stages of planning algorithm with list of individual actions. Practical part contains a description of application made for irradiation simulation which includes brief explanation of working procedure with program. It also contains a description of individual functions of this application.
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Common specification of radiotherapeutical apparatuses and their appearance in departments of radiation therapy in the Czech republic
NOVÁK, Michal
From the first contact of patient with simulator to therapeutic application of radiation is the radiotherapy in direct contact with devices. The radiotherapeutical units are irreplaceable because the radiation therapy is impossible without these. The process of radiotherapy became more difficult with production of modern devices, using new techniques of irradiation, using new accesories, aids and especially with development of computer technology. This fact enabled approximation to the exacting requirements of modern radiotherapy. Today is the spectrum of radiotherapeutical units stabilize on several types which include most of clinical demands. These are linear accelerators, cobalt and cesium isotopic units, therapeutic X-ray devices and the automatic afterloading systems for brachytherapy. Today is the attention paid to expansion of technical abilities of existing units rather than to searching of new types of radiation sources. Using of unconventional sources of radiation, especially the neutron sources and accelerators of heavy parcticles, is exception. The subject of this bachelor essay is adumbrate meaning of devices in radiation therapy. Essay provide list of the most frequently devices which used for therapeutic application of ionizing radiation. These therapeutic units are generally specified in essay and there are provided important informations about incident of radiothe-rapeutical units at departments of radiotherapy in the Czech Republic.
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Radiation therapy of non-melanoma-type skin tumors
MENCLOVÁ, Lucie
Skin tumors of non-melanoma type (particularly basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer) include a large and important group of malignant lesions. Their incidence in human population has been steadily increasing. The current treatment modalities include surgical excision and radiation therapy. The advantages of radiation include the ease of application, pain-free administration and excellent cosmetic result. The goal of radiotherapy is a homogeneous dose distribution in the entire volume of target tissue. This distribution is affected by a choice of particular radiation criteria, which are individually selected for each patient undergoing radiation. The choice of a particular technique of radiation is affected by a number of factors such as microscopic findings, tumor localization, TNM classification, etc. Analysis of data collected in a group of patients treated by radiation at the Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology FNKV during the period from 2001 to 2006 showed, that there has been a steady rise in incidence of these non-melanoma skin tumors. This confirms the importance of this topic.
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The usage of brachytherapy in treatment of breast cancer
BURIANOVÁ, Klára
This project is dealing with comparsion of results treatment with both methods (HDR therapy and electron therapy) at patients who was threated in oncology department in České Budějovice in years 2001 - 2003. The results of treatment both methods (numer of relapses, cosmetic effekt) have to equivalent. It was realized on the base of searching in medical documentation and post processing.
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